Essay on Ethnic Literature - 959 Words

American Literature Paper Randy Hale University of Phoenix ENG.301 American Ethic Literature Michael Cromwell December 24, 2012 American Ethic Literature Paper What makes American literature American? American literature is just that American literature. American literature is stories of people lives that are based on American standards. Early American standards where based around slavery and oppression but now they are based on freedoms like freedom of speech and press. America has been through many time periods that has shaped it into the wonderful nation that we have today. True American literature is about life in the United States. This paper will create an understanding about American ethnic literature. What is†¦show more content†¦Ethnic literature is piece of writing that is written by people from different cultures, languages, or religion. For example, Native American literature includes â€Å"memories of creation stories, the tragic wisdom of native ceremonies, trickster narratives, and the outcome of chance and other occurrences in the most diverse cultures in the world† (Vizenor, 1995, p. 1). People with the mix of Spanish, Native American, and African cultures have created Hispanic American literature (Kanellos, 1995). In my opinion, there are many reasons why ethnic literature should be studied. Reason One: When you read true literature writing from other religions, you can gain true understanding of what the religion is all about. For example I’m a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. The LDS or Mormon Church as known by many is a very misunderstood religion. A study of true ethnic literature in this case would eliminate any misunderstanding that people have about the LDS Church. Reason Two: There are certain cultures that we do not know anything about and when we read about them, we will be able to understand why they do certain things. I want to call this cultural understanding. We have all heard the saying, You cant judge a book by its cover. then we shouldnt judge a religion or a culture by the things they do until we understand why they do those things. How do ethnic writersShow MoreRelatedEthnic Literature : Ethnic American Literature1381 Words   |  6 Pagesto introduce and analyze the topic of Ethnic American Literature. Specifically it will discuss the meaning and definition of Ethnic American literature. Ethnic American literature is a rich and varied treasure of poetry, fiction, drama, and much more. Written by some of America s greatest authors, this ethnic legacy opens up a world of diversity to readers, but it also illustrates the struggles and prejudice that still exist in our country today. Ethnic authors use their own experiences to illustrateRead MoreEssay on Ethnic Literature1266 Words   |  6 PagesThe Power in a Name The term â€Å"ethnic† when in conjunction with the word â€Å"literature† in the academic discourse community of students, often brings out mixed feelings of excitement and dread. On the one hand, students understand that they will be getting away from the canonical American literature – which can equal boring in their eyes; on the other hand, students interpret the term â€Å"ethnic literature† to mean distinctive – which can equal confusing or ambiguous – and perhaps at times not relatableRead MoreAmerican Ethnic Literature Differs From American Literature1378 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican ethnic literature differs from American literature. The author’s background is considered to determine which category is fitting. American ethnic authors include immigrants who have arrived in the United States and become a citizen or first-generation Americans. American ethnic authors write in English, but sometimes use original language and speech. American ethnic literature often depicts life before America, as well life after arriving. American ethnic literature is important becauseRead MoreWhat Does Ethnic Literature Mean?994 Words   |  4 Pagesdoes ethnic literature mean? We all have some ethnicity in us that is different than the rest, so doesn’t that mean that all of our literary contributions make up that of American ethnic literature? Before the Civil War, many of the minority people of America started writing poems, songs, and other types of literature that helped describe what life was like in America as an outsider in the â€Å"white† world. These writings became the beginnings of what is now called American ethnic literature. EarlyRead MoreEssay on Why Read Literature?671 Words   |  3 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Nothing teaches us better than literature to see, in ethnic and cultural differences, the richness of the human patrimony, and to prize those differences as manifestation humanity’s multi-faceted creativity. Reading good literature is an experience of pleasure, of course; but it is also an experience of learning what and how we are, on our human integrity and our human imperfection, with our actions, our dreams, and our ghosts, alone and in a relationship that linkRead MoreCritical Analysis Skills Developed Through Writing a Reflection Paper870 Words   |  4 Pagesfeelings down about what I had learned in a class that I had to read literature and then interpret those readings into journal entries addressed to my fellow students. This left me a little intimidated. So to start the ideas flowing, I went back to the beginning. I looked up the â€Å"Week One Letter† to the student and re-read the description and goal of the course. Dr. Doe stat ed in the letter that, â€Å"we will be reading a variety of literature for a better understanding of the ideals, values, and attitudesRead Morephilippine literature1582 Words   |  7 Pagesenough to dry up the --- sea.   No matter how deep the   --- stream, its depth can be fathomed; the really difficult task is to find a good heart. Before the Christianization of the Philippines, Filipinos had established a heritage of precolonial literature consisting of epics, tales, songs, riddles, and proverbs. With the earliest discoveries dating back to 50000 years ago, this period of Philippine literary History is considered the longest. ---It is often forgotten that the tribal Filipinos hadRead MoreSocial Groups : An Essential Part Of Humanity1074 Words   |  5 Pagesactually an understatement. Social groups are practically omnipresent. It’s already possible to speak of a social group when two or more humans interact with each other and share similar characteristics. Think about women, immigrants, professions, ethnic minorities but also families, friends and church members. Only someone who lives as a recluse in complete isolation from society can be considered ‘non-member’. The importance of social groups is clearly present when you take a look at the mediaRead MoreReflecting on Literature and Community in The Lesson† by Toni Cade Bambara1101 Words   |  5 Pages Also, it is not uncommon for people to write about a fictional community that is based from their own community. As community affects how we write, writing can also affect the community. In other words, communities influence authors of literature and literature can also influence communities. Language is how we express ourselves. There are many different languages in our world. Within those languages there are different dialects. Those dialects are affected by the communities that use themRead More Personal, Social, and Cultural Contexts Established by the Frame Story in MAUS1635 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal, Social, and Cultural Contexts Established by the Frame Story in MAUS  Ã‚      The use of the frame story, an overarching narrative used to connect a series of loosely related stories, pervades literature. An example of a frame story on a large scale - tying together a whole book-length work, not a simple short story - can be found in Art Spiegelmans graphic novel MAUS. Each of the narratives six sections is framed with snatches of the interaction between Vladek and Art during the interview

Analysis Of John Quincy Adamss To The Sun-Dial - 982 Words

Before clocks and watches were invented, sundials used the position of the Sun to determine the time. As the sun rises and falls in the sky, a shadow is cast on the dial correlating to hour lines marked on the sundial. President John Quincy Adams wrote a poem personifying the use of the sundial. One must first grasp an understanding of the life John Quincy Adams, the time period the poem was created in, before the focus of â€Å"To The Sun-Dial† can be comprehended. Before one could analyze the poem, they must get an understanding of the poet. Born in 1767 in Braintree, Massachusetts to President John and Abigail Adams, John Quincy Adams was a prominent figure both domestically and in the international community. As a young boy, Adams would†¦show more content†¦Moreover, to understand the theme of â€Å"To The Sun-Dial,† one must understand the time period the poem was written in. The poem was written sometime during Adam’s tenure as president from March 4, 1824 – March 4, 1829. Prior to his presidential administration, the United States had just experienced the Panic of 1819, which left the economy weakened and faith in the financial market at an all-time low. However, during the Adams administration, the United States entered a period of economic expansion. Adding to the political stability throughout this administration, the United States was also at peace. Although there were problems, as with any presidency, diplomacy had solved many of the issues at hand. It restored faith in the American people that â€Å"crises could be managed and successful government was possible† (â€Å"The John Quincy Adams Administration†). Although successful in his presidency, certain publications saw the rising power of the federal government over the states as deeply concerning. As such, many publications spent much of the administration denouncing the â€Å"corrupt bargain between Adams and Clay,† who happened to be Ad ams’ Secretary of State (â€Å"The John Quincy Adams Administration†). Now that the poet and time period have been fully analyzed, one can start analyzing the theme of â€Å"To The Sun-Dial,† which was written by President John

Randomised Control Trial for Dementia Patient- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theRandomised Control Trial for Dementia Patient. Answer: Yes, the Randomized controlled trial (RCT) gave idea of a clearly focused issue on which the research was conducted. The aim of the research was to compare the effect of foot massage (intervention) and quiet presence (comparator and control) on agitation and mood in dementia patient (population) (Moyle et al. 2014). Participants were randomized to treatment and control group. This can be understood by the review of method section of the article which explained that block randomization was used to achieve equality in the size of intervention and control groups. Allocation concealment was done by randomizing participants by a computer program. Allocation was concealed from data collection research assistants, care staffs and patients families (Moyle et al. 2014). Yes, the patients were analyzed in the groups to which they were randomized. This is also understood because the trial was not stopped in between and all participants were followed up between baseline and post-test. No participants were lost to follow up after being randomized to treatment. Detailed questions: Yes, familys health workers and study personnel were blinded to treatment. This is understood as Moyle et al. (2014) mentioned about care staffs, data collections research assistant and families in the section of randomization and blinding. The purpose of blinding in clinical trial is to eliminate any impact of study findings due to different expectation of staffs (Schulz et al. 2011). Treatment allocation is not revealed to many research staffs until they enter the trial to prevent selection bias and any uninfluenced in study results because of knowledge about concealment (Karanicolas, Farrokhyar and Bhandari 2010). Hence, it serves to prevent differential treatment of the group at the onset of trial. The validity of any RCT study is understood by keeping the baseline variables same at the start of the trial (Piantadosi 2017). This is understood by reviewing the result section of the stud which states that no difference in group at baseline were found for participants on the basis of age, gender, time spend in facility, living condition, regular medication and PNR medication for dementia patients. Example of baseline variables includes age, sex, social class, risk factors and other adverse outcomes in participant. The advantage of keeping groups similar at the start of the trial is that it helps to prevent baseline imbalance (Doig and Simpson 2014). The unique feature of a RCT study is that it tries to study the effect of an intervention by randomization of participants to intervention and control group (Hayes and Moulton 2017). In such studies, the only different between the intervention group and control group is the intervention itself and other parameters are kept same (Latimer et al. 2017). In the RCT study by Moyle et al. (2014), intervention group received foot massage and control group received quiet presence. However, other things such as duration of session, time frame of giving intervention was kept same for the first treatment arm. As it used crossover study design, participants were exposed to opposite treatment arm after the completion of first treatment arm. The advantage of a cross-over design is that it reduces variability in participants as both types of treatment are compared on the same patient (Apiliogullari and Onal 2015). The main purpose of the research study by Moyle et al. (2014) was to analyze the effect of foot massage in dementia patients compared to those with quite presence. The size of the treatment effect can be understood by the final outcome of the study. Both intervention and control groups were evaluated on the outcome measure of assessing agitation and mood of patients post the treatment. Agitation was assessed in participants by means of Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory Short Form (CMAI) and mood was evaluated by observed emotion rating (OERS) scale. The validity of the RCT study is evident as the researcher also reported about the consistency and inter-reliability of both the tools. Detailed description of both the tools and the scale on which agitation and mood were evaluated was also comprehensively described by the researcher (Moyle et al. 2014). The primary outcome of the study was that the study showed that increase in agitation was found in both group, however the effect was greater in the quiet presence group compared to treatment group. The main reason for increase in total CMAI was the increase in the subscale of verbal aggression. However, outcome remained same for OERS item and only difference was found in general alertness in both groups. Therefore, slight effect of intervention was found in foot massage group as had reduced alertness and agitation compared to control group. In addition, the research also gave idea about the variability in research finding due to difference in the acceptance of treatment by participants, agitation due to unfamiliar assistants (Moyle et al. (2014). Hence, all this is regarded as the confounding factors in the study that has affected the efficacy of the foot massage intervention. The validity of the research finding is questionable because it is not consistent with other studies. For i nstance, the pilot study by Moyle et al. (2013) has revealed that foot massage significantly reduced levels of agitation in cognitively impaired patients. Hence, the transferability of Moyle et al. (2014) is low due to inconsistency with other research results and presence of confounding factors. Moyle et al. (2014) was also in favor of foot massage to address stress in dementia patient as the findings shows that close presence of another person promoted relaxation in patient. The estimate of the treatment effect is also understood by the method of statistical analysis of the research data and confidence interval between outcomes in two groups. The proportion of variance was illustrated and the result data mainly showed that there was more than 10% of variance in CMAI and OERS item indicating different factors playing complex role in mood and agitation of individuals (Moyle et al. 2014). Hence, with data regarding means, standard deviation and confidence interval at baseline and post-test for treatment and control groups, the treatment effect was determined. Confidence interval is used by many health care journals as it helps to identify whether a treatment has any effect or not (Freemantle et al. 2013). The overall conclusion regarding the study finding is that desired results was not achieved by providing foot massage to dementia patients and this is explained by some limitations in research methods. For example, familiarity was an issue for many partici pants as they were disturbed by the presence of a stranger in their room. Hence, if the researcher had considered about familiarity issues, then the research outcome would have been different. There is a need to focus on conditions that will enhance the effect of foot massage (Oliver 2017). The results of the study cannot be applied in local context because inconsistent result has been found for effect of foot massage on dementia patient. Certain confounding factors affected the outcome and so it is necessary to do further research in this area by modifying the condition under which the treatment was provided. However, moderate benefits were found and it may be applied as there is no selection bias and similar participant group like real setting was selected for the study. The inclusion criteria of taking 65 years above patient living in long-term care with all having recent history of agitation eliminated selection bias. Research has shown that agitation and aggressive behavior is frequently seen in dementia patients living in nursing homes (Husebo, Ballard and Aarsland 2011). As the research mainly aimed to investigate about the effect of foot massage on agitation and mood in dementia patients, the important clinical outcomes were considered by the researcher. The main outcome variable for the study included agitation and mood and appropriate evidence based tool was used evaluate agitation and mood of participants. For example CMAI tool was used to assess agitation and this is a evidence that has been used in many research related to agitated behavior. Cooke et al. (2010) used CMAI tool to analyze the effect of music programme on agitation and anxiety in dementia patient. Although the research did not achieved desired results, however the research has benefits because it is the first trial that considered foot massage to address agitation in dementia patient and it has highlighted the potential of foot massage only if the conditions in which the intervention is provided is modified in the future. Hence, the benefits of the research are worth the harm and the cost involved in doing the research. Aggressive behavior is a challenging issue for dementia patient because as it has impact on social life of people. Therefore, research by Kunik et al. (2010) is important as it focused on intervention to reduce aggression in dementia patient. Reference Apiliogullari, S. and Onal, O., 2015. Randomization in a crossover design is not to be a minor issue.Anesthesia Analgesia,121(4), p.1112. Cooke, M.L., Moyle, W., Shum, D.H., Harrison, S.D. and Murfield, J.E., 2010. A randomized controlled trial exploring the effect of music on agitated behaviours and anxiety in older people with dementia.Aging and mental health,14(8), pp.905-916. Doig, G.S. and Simpson, F., 2014. Understanding clinical trials: emerging methodological issues.Intensive care medicine,40(11), pp.1755-1757. Freemantle, N., Marston, L., Walters, K., Wood, J., Reynolds, M.R. and Petersen, I., 2013. Making inferences on treatment effects from real world data: propensity scores, confounding by indication, and other perils for the unwary in observational research.Bmj,347, p.f6409. Hayes, R.J. and Moulton, L.H., 2017.Cluster randomised trials. CRC press. Husebo, B.S., Ballard, C. and Aarsland, D., 2011. Pain treatment of agitation in patients with dementia: a systematic review.International journal of geriatric psychiatry,26(10), pp.1012-1018. Karanicolas, P.J., Farrokhyar, F. and Bhandari, M., 2010. Blinding: Who, what, when, why, how?.Canadian journal of surgery,53(5), p.345. Kunik, M.E., Snow, A.L., Davila, J.A., McNeese, T., Steele, A.B., Balasubramanyam, V., Doody, R., Schulz, P.E., Kalavar, J.S., Walder, A. and Morgan, R.O., 2010. Consequences of aggressive behavior in patients with dementia.The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences,22(1), pp.40-47. Latimer, N.R., Abrams, K.R., Lambert, P.C., Crowther, M.J., Wailoo, A.J., Morden, J.P., Akehurst, R.L. and Campbell, M.J., 2017. Adjusting for treatment switching in randomised controlled trialsA simulation study and a simplified two-stage method.Statistical methods in medical research,26(2), pp.724-751. Moyle, W., Cooke, M.L., Beattie, E., Shum, D.H., ODwyer, S.T. and Barrett, S., 2014. Foot massage versus quiet presence on agitation and mood in people with dementia: A randomised controlled trial.International journal of nursing studies,51(6), pp.856-864. Moyle, W., Cooke, M.L., Beattie, E., Shum, D.H., O'Dwyer, S.T., Barrett, S. and Sung, B., 2014. Foot massage and physiological stress in people with dementia: a randomized controlled trial.The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine,20(4), pp.305-311. Moyle, W., Murfield, J.E., ODwyer, S. and Van Wyk, S., 2013. The effect of massage on agitated behaviours in older people with dementia: a literature review.Journal of clinical nursing,22(5-6), pp.601-610. Oliver, M., 2017. Effectiveness of Foot Massage on Improving the Balance among Elderly in a Selected Destitute Home, Mangalore.Indian Journal of,31(4), pp.444-455. Piantadosi, S., 2017.Clinical trials: a methodologic perspective. John Wiley Sons. Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D. and Consort Group, 2011. CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials.International journal of surgery,9(8), pp.672-677.

Insurance Fraud free essay sample

A gang of Russian crooks ran a record-setting, $279 million fraud that exploited New Yorks no-fault auto -accident law, authorities said 2/29/12. The gang worked with corrupt doctors to set up more than 100 phony medical clinics across the city There, they generated fake bills for the treatment of Injuries that ranged from wild exaggerations to outright fabrications, Manhattan US Attorney Preet Bharara said. The fraudsters took advantage of the patient-friendly provisions of New Yorks andatory no-fault Insurance coverage, which guarantees up to $50,000 In medical benefits for anyone hurt in a car crash. Police commissioner Ray Kelly sent two undercover cops infiltrated the operation about six months ago by posing as crash vlctlms. Kelly coached the undercover cops to complain about neck, back and leg pain, and were then kept running back and forth for treatments and tests that was as close as possible to the $50,000 for each offcer. The Russian gang was convicted; the various defendants face prison terms ranging from 30 to 70 years. We will write a custom essay sample on Insurance Fraud or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In Waterloo, New York- A man admitted that he crushed his son under a truck in a life insurance scheme that netted him $700,000. The man (Karl KarlsenS) plea of guilty to second-degree murder In upstate New York came a day before his trial was set to opem Karlsens, 53. was charged with murder and insurance fraud because he crushed his son (Levy) to death in 2008 by shifting a truck off its Jacks as the son worked underneath it. Karlsens tormer wite, Christina Ann Karlsen, died New Years Day in 1991 in a fire at her home. He denied that he was the cause of her death and ollected $200,000 in insurance on his wife after the fire declared an accident. After his wifes death, they moved to Manhattan. His second wife, Cindy Karlsen, testifies during a pretrial hearing that she began to suspect in the summer of 2011 that her husband had killed his son. She said she had learned that he had used to proceeds from the sons life Insurance settlement to buy a policy on her. l found out it was actually a life insurance policy on me and I would be worth $1200,000 if I were killed, Cindy Karlsen said. New Jerseys Acting Attorney General John J. Hoffman announced that a northern New Jersey chiropractor pleaded guilty Monday to causing false documentation to be submitted to Insurance companies and subsequently recelvlng more than $89,000 to which he was not entitled. Authorities said Joseph Salomone of Nutley, NJ.. pleaded guilty to second-degree health care claims fraud before Superior Court Judge Mitzy Galls-Menendez In Hudson county. under the plea agreement, the state will recommend that Salomone be sentenced to four years in state prison. Salomone greed to pay back over $89,000 in restitution to insurance companies for monies he fraudulently obtained. In pleading guilty, Salomone admitted that he directed his office workers to complete periodic re-evaluation forms which purported to list the results of range of motion tests on automobile accident victims. An investigation determined that Salomone directed his office statt to submit the documents that had fraud in them to the insurance companies listed- Allstate, High Point, Liberty Mutual, and US. Auto association. He had to pay a sum of $140,000 and spend 20 hours

Amendments and East Side Riva Gang Essay Example

Amendments and East Side Riva Gang Paper November 21, 2011 Section # 45665, Hybrid Dr. Oliver M. Thompson Farah H. Soomro Student ID # 2252594 Phone # 415-920-3628 E-mail address: farah. [emailprotected] com Amendments And The East Side Riva Gang. The United States Constitution declares the Amendments that of which apply to anyone that is present in the United States, citizen or a non-citizen. The preamble, or an introduction given to the people, by the founding fathers of the United States was meant to lay an outline for the Amendments. One can interpret the preamble as a reason why the Amendments exist and why they are still being commonly used in the United States. The Amendments are also known as the Bill of Rights, which serve as a guide of basic rules established for the people who live, visit, or come to the U. S. , whether lawfully or unlawfully. The Amendments are derived from the English Bill of rights and English Law. The Constitution of the United States sets forth the nations fundamental laws. It establishes the form of the national government and defines the rights and liberties of the people residing in America. Many people do not realize the importance of Amendments, and only choose to practice them if and when they come in contact with the law. The Fourth and Fifth Amendments come into play when people are initially being arrested for any crime. The Fourth Amendment protects people against unreasonable search and seizure and the Fifth Amendment gives right for the person to remain silent, and not make self-incriminating statements. We will write a custom essay sample on Amendments and East Side Riva Gang specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Amendments and East Side Riva Gang specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Amendments and East Side Riva Gang specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Sixth Amendment grants someone charged with a crime, right to a speedy trial by the peers of his community. Once the court knowledge’s a crime has taken place by a person, Eight Amendment, is there to protect the person being charged with excusive fine or bail. Eight Amendments also grants the person found guilty to not face â€Å"cruel or unusual punishment. † The Fourteenth Amendment is perhaps the one we don’t realize very often. But it is there, to protect non-citizens and citizens alike. Civil gang injunctions are an increasingly popular gang suppression tactic. These injunctions were challenged in the past, but today city attorneys have carefully worded their filings, they now name every gang member, along with restricting what they wear, where they are allowed to go, how late they may stay out and prohibit the gangs from associating with each other, which includes throwing up signs, acting as lookouts and using drugs. Violating these terms could make them in contempt with court and carry a sentence. One such civil gang injunction was handed out to local gang here in Riverside, known as the East Side Riva. The issue rises, why are District Attorney; such as Rod Pacheco, allowed to violate privacy of these gang members. The word â€Å"privacy† itself does not appear in the U. S. Constitution, but the U. S. Supreme Court has said that several of the Amendments create this right. One of which is the Fourth Amendment. It stops the police and other government agencies from searching citizens and or their property without proof of incriminating evidence that is to brought forth before a judge should generate a belief that incriminating evidence can be found on the citizens/property. The law in this stance is simple one is very much entailed to their constitutional rights, up until the guilty verdict, where the first right you lose is the one most cherish the most, â€Å"right to privacy. † This by no mean gives way to not having an attorney present, sixth amendment as stated above, gives one right to counsel. In the case of evidence use, there were a couple of cases; Boyd v. United States and Weeks v. United States, that said the federal government couldn’t use evidence acquired through an illegal process due to an exclusionary rule and it would not be admissible in court. So, if the evidence is obtained legally, it is admissible in court. Most of the Amendments might not be as black and white as people would want them to be. Our forefathers left a gray area, which has now been left to the people of various sates to fill in. Though unknown by me, as to how affective Civil gang injunctions are, there was never injustice, or overstepped boundaries by the DA. East Side Riva gang members were nothing more than nuisance to the society they resided in, loss of privacy and unable to contact each other, or being asked to wear different clothing seems rather reasonable, all things considered. Once arrested for a gang related crime, an illegal alien would have been tried, represented with counsel, procedures and trail would have been exactly the same, but being a non-citizen, and with the current over crowding of the jails and prisons, the person convicted would have been deported. Considering, immigration would have been notified of their affiliation with a gang and legal status. The legal basis for denying probationers and parolees full constitutional protections has varied over the years, (1) In the case of parolees; many courts adopted the constructive custody theory. This theory holds that parolees remain in the custody of the state while on parole and, therefore, are entitled to only the same limited Fourth Amendment rights as inmates. Not everyone followed this theory. In 1972, the Supreme Court decided the case of Morrissey v. Brewer. This case involved the application of Fifth Amendment due processes to parole revocation hearings, several comments made by the Court were on its later discussion of Fourth Amendment rights of probationers and parolees. The Court recognized without much discussion that parolees and, by analogy, probationers are different from ordinary citizens. Because of their unique position, states lawfully may impose restrictions upon parolees and probationers that otherwise would be unlawful if applied to ordinary citizens. In the case of East Side Riva gang, though the injunction might/might not solve the problem of these gangs associating, or communicating, but the District Attorney Rod Pacheco prosecuted them by the law. Endnotes: (1) For a good examination of the development of these legal theories, see Wayne R. LaFave, Search and Seizure: A Treatise on the Fourth Amendment (St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co. , 1996), Section 10. 10.

Fredrick Engels Economics

Fredrick Engels Economics Fredrick Engels tried to understand society at a time when Europe was embracing capitalism. The period was characterized by industrial development and private ownership of property. Modern technology contributed to modernization of production.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Fredrick Engels: Economics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The society had to change from previous modes such as feudalism to capitalism. Many scholars gave their views as regards to economic organization. Engels had his own views that were purely socialist in nature. According to Engels, resources should be controlled by society not individuals. In society, the owners of the means of production own everything whereas the proletariat owns nothing. The workers produce goods that they do not consume mainly because of high prices. Goods and services are extremely expensive for the working class since they are paid little. Pauperization finds its wa y to society because people cannot meet their needs. Political leaders take advantage of the prevailing conditions to buy votes from workers. Workers have nothing to offer in society apart from cheap labor (Engels 87). This paper analyzes how Engels viewed society and how he wanted the society to be. The paper addresses four major issues that are of concern to the working class. These include exploitation, alienation, subjugation and domination. Engels observed that economic organization was the central aspect of society. This means that the means of production such as tools, raw materials and skills are very important as compared to other values. Economics controls all forms of human life including social, political and cultural life. He referred to economics as the base meaning the foundation upon which other structures are developed. The superstructure such as ideas, culture, politics, education system and religion is controlled by economics. The rich persons use their wealth to acquire education and political power. Workers are perpetually pushed to the periphery if not subjugated. Workers exist only at the mercy of the ruling class.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In other words, life is completely dependent on production and distribution of goods. Engels focuses more on materialistic interpretation of human history. He criticizes the existing social arrangement that is based on material resources. He correctly observes that the central institution of capitalistic society is private ownership of property. It is true that societal resources are controlled by the few in the capitalistic society. Goods are produced for the market not for domestic or communal consumption. Therefore, the major aim of the owners of the means of production is profit maximization. In this regard, they use all available means to accumulate resources. Engels observed that the owners of the means of production bribe voters to acquire state power. State machinery is employed to suppress any efforts of liberation. Police officers are used to prevent workers from exercising their democratic right of demonstration. The labor unions are influenced by labor ministries to accept biased labor laws. The learned members of society and religious leaders are also influenced by bourgeoisies to pacify the population. Intellectuals rationalize, legitimize and justify the existing social order, which is distorted in real sense. Religious leaders quote some specific verses of holy books to prove to the proletariat that everything is okay. Verses such as ‘be contended with your lot’ encourage the working class to work hard. Societal institutions such as the media are also objects that exist to serve the interests of the bourgeoisies (Engels 97). The owners of the means of production use the media to spread their ideology and propaganda. Furthermore, t he media is used to market products that only benefit the bourgeoisie. Engels used the idea of dialectics to show how change would occur. Change would occur in form of a revolution. The existing social order, which he terms as thesis will generate its anti-thesis. From the struggle, a qualitative and a more appealing social order would emerge called synthesis.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Fredrick Engels: Economics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Engels perceived the synthesis as being people oriented. The state would be forced to serve the interests of the majority. This is what other scholars refer to as social democracy or socialism. Resources would be distributed equality among members of society. However, he cautions that the bourgeoisie will not sit back and watch the proletariat take over state power. The owners of the means of production would use all available resources and techniques to maintain status quo. Through this, many will lose their lives. According to Engels, nothing would overthrow the rule of minority other than a revolution. Some workers will be bribed to betray their fellow proletariat but workers will identify such tricks and move on with their plans. Engels continues to give his views by noting that profits would fall among capitalists mainly because of competition. At the same time, workers would gain consciousness and demand for their labor rights. Capitalists will resort to using technology because it is easy to control. Workers would then wage a war due to unemployment and hard economic life. This is how a socialist revolution will take place. In other words, Engels appreciates the relationship between the worker and the bourgeoisie. It is a complex relationship (Engels 101). Workers need employment whereas the bourgeoisie needs labor. In conclusion, workers cannot exist without the presence of the bourgeoisie. The employers try to eliminate workers from the p roduction process by resorting technology. Domination, exploitation, alienation and subjugation have reached climax in the 21st century. Each company produces goods for the market. Workers are expected to work like machines implying that Engels postulations are accurate. There is no time for leisure and social recreation in the modern world. The worker is only given some time to carry out animal related activities such as eating, sleeping and procreating.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Engels, Fredrick. Condition of the Working Class in England. London: Penguin Classics, 1987.

What is the real happiness in a family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

What is the real happiness in a family - Essay Example Richard Bausch’s story, â€Å"Aren’t you happy for me?† in all its simplicity gives the reader an insight into a much more complex scenario depicted by observing a incident in the life of a ordinary family. In this story the more that is revealed, the more complex the situation that the father is immersed in becomes until ultimately he realizes the gravity of a situation he had underestimated; the distance that had become undeniable in his marriage and what a difficult path his daughter had taken. A key element of the story that is used by the author is that of revelation. It is used with gravity and artfully timed in the way it deepens not only the story but the characters as well. It further thickens the plot and depicts to the reader the importance of revelation and how the transformation the characters undergo with it as they are portrayed in light of their exquisite humanness. It is this very quality which makes them heroic and at the same time flawed. The story revolves around a phone call between a father and daughter as the predicament that the daughter is in slowly unwinds as the father discovers she is pregnant and about to marry a 63 year old man who was also her professor. As he internalizes and processes the situation his daughter reveals which in all its complicated nature seems to be a reason for joy for her, greatly disturbs the father as he categorizes the predicament as severely grave; a cherry on top of the problems his life already was in. "Outside the window, his wife, with no notion of what she was about to be hit with, looked through the patterns of shade in the blinds and, seeing him, waved. It was friendly, and even so, all their difficulty was in it." (p.87) Bausch’s style is highly effective in the way that he builds on to the sense of dismay and connects to the reader, as his daughter relays to him the string of bad news. "Honey, this is a joke, right? You're playing a joke on me." (p.89.) Furthermore the reader can clearly emphasize for Ballinger as the news is spun on him with the naive child like expectation to not react to news that was clearly startling for any parent. "You're going to react, then. I wish you could just promise me you wouldn't." (p.88). Bausch’s focus on the situation at hand and not the use of external factors to highlight the internal emotional and mental state of the characters is one of the major strengths of his narration. He brings forth a very relatable scenario that portrays the internal battle between the sexes, generations and family dynamics. The volatile reaction of the father and his uncontrollable bursts of anger lead us to imagine if it was this particular trait of his that had caused rifts in his until now happy and prosperous marriage. "That's not the point. The point is that you, sir, are not much more than a goddam statutory rapist. That's the point." (p.90). It also shows how adept the author is in casting inadequate male character s; a husband whose marriage if failing and a 63 year old professor who has impregnated and is now marrying his much younger student. There are two main focuses of Bausch’s story; one that revolves around a marriage and family starting and the other on a marriage ending. "The truth was that he had news of his own to tell. Almost a week ago he and Mary had agreed on a separation. Some time for both of them to sort things out." (p. 86) One cannot help but wonder if the fury